So I have decided to re write the PiPlanter from the ground up. In essence, it will accomplish the same exact thing but I’d like it to be a lot more of a stable platform to expand upon in the future. I’d also like PiPlanter to be professional enough to bring to market. First off there are a few things you’d need install & a few modifications you’d need to make to Raspian. First thing’s first, you’ll need to enable SPI in the kernel so:
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
Comment out the spi-bcm2708 line so it looks like this:
#blacklist spi-bcm2708
Then run this to make it more permanent.
sudo modprobe spi-bcm2708
Now for the real meat of it. You’ll need these packages for SPI and the WiringPi library makes things a whole lot easier for us. This program also relies very heavily
So I am 151 miles away from the PiPlanter. But thanks to the internet, modern day routers, and wifi dongles I can pretty much control everything about it from here.
That being said, there are a few things I would like to change about the project. First of all, the program itself needs to be more modular. Reason being is that the core program should never stop running, even if changes need to be made. I should be able to screen the main program once, and then never have to stop it ever. This would be advantageous in a few ways but the main example is that the plants will require more water as they get larger, and then less once they start yielding fruit. I could script this, but I think that it would be best to be able to edit the ‘ontime’ value from the program without having to stop the whole process.
I’ll keep y’all posted as I try to implement this.
So I’ve been eeking out all that I can of my last few days of summer, and there hasn’t been much rain or bad weather at all. As a result, I’m not posting much at all.
Doesn’t mean I’m not working though, I’ve been doing a couple things.
First thing’s first my speaker is done. I just need to get a bunch of video edited, and a big post written.
Secondly I’m still working really hard on my dead simple flickr uploader (dsfu). The cool thing about this project is that it has the potential to be very useful to quite a number of people, so I’m trying to make sure that it is very stable, and very easy to duplicate. This means for the most part I’ve been doing a series of 4000+ photo uploads trying to break my script. It’s happened a lot, and you can check my twitter feed to see my brain melt as I try and figure out the problem. This project won’t necessarily be “complete” until I have a 3D printer at my disposal to create the enclosure I want.
As for the PiPlanter, it’s still a work in progress. The update I did with my last post was a start to something really complete it is in no way finished. I still need to move the camera, and the plants.
Okay! So I leave for college in less than 30 days, but I’d like to make sure my tomatoes to continue to grow once I leave so I’ve taken some steps to make sure that my departure goes smoothly.
Here’s a video of my revised setup:
There are a few key differences between this setup and my previous one:
The main one is that the watering system has been 100% re-vamped. The water distribution happens via a hose with holes in it instead of using the tray at the bottom of the plant grid in the previous video.
It also takes, uploads and tweets a picture of itself using a raspberry pi camera module.
It also creates a new mysql table every two weeks, and in turn, renders a new kind of graph. The renderscript.php file receives an argument from the python script which is the table code.
Here’s the python script:
#Timing setup
from datetime import datetime
from apscheduler.scheduler import Scheduler
import time
import datetime
import sys
import os
now =datetime.datetime.now()
#import logging #if you start getting logging errors, uncomment these two lines
#logging.basicConfig()
#GPIO setup
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.cleanup()
pin = 26 #pin for the adc
GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)
NPNtrans = 3 #the pin for the npn transistor
GPIO.setup(NPNtrans, GPIO.OUT)
sampleLED = 5 #the indicator LED
GPIO.setup(sampleLED, GPIO.OUT)
pump = 7 #pin for the pump
GPIO.setup(pump, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(pump, False)
#the adc's SPI setup
import spidev
spi = spidev.SpiDev()
spi.open(0, 0)
#sets up the program's ability to write to a mysql database
import MySQLdb
con = MySQLdb.connect('localhost','piplanter_user','piplanter_pass','piplanter');
cursor = con.cursor()
#tweepy setup, you must use the keys given to you when you create your app
import tweepy
consumer_key=""
consumer_secret=""
access_token=""
access_token_secret=""
#"logs in" to twitter,
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
#Flickr Setup
import flickrapi
api_key = ''
api_secret = ''
flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(api_key, api_secret, format='json')
(token, frob) = flickr.get_token_part_one(perms='write')
if not token: raw_input("Press ENTER after you authorized this program")
flickr.get_token_part_two((token, frob))
#Variable Setup
ontime = 60
global table_number
table_number = 0
#fuction that can read the adc
def readadc(adcnum):
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
if adcnum > 7 or adcnum < 0:
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1, 8 + adcnum << 4, 0])
adcout = ((r[1] & 3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
def water():
print "===== Starting Watering Process ====="
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
time.sleep(1)
sensor1_before = readadc(0)
sensor2_before = readadc(1)
sensor3_before = readadc(2)
sensor4_before = readadc(3)
before = "WATERING START / Moisture Before - " + "Sensor 1:" + str(sensor1_before) + " Sensor 2:" + str(sensor2_before) + " Sensor 3:" + str(sensor3_before) + " Sensor 4:" + str(sensor4_before) + " - Average:" + str((float(sensor1_before+sensor2_before+sensor3_before+sensor4_before)/4))
api.update_status(before)
print before
GPIO.output(pump, True)
time.sleep(ontime)
GPIO.output(pump, False)
time.sleep(60) #gives the water time to penetrate the soil
sensor1_after = readadc(0)
sensor2_after = readadc(1)
sensor3_after = readadc(2)
sensor4_after = readadc(3)
after = "WATERING COMPLETED / Moisture After - " + "Sensor 1:" + str(sensor1_after) + " Sensor 2:" + str(sensor2_after) + " Sensor 3:" + str(sensor3_after) + " Sensor 4:" + str(sensor4_after) + " - Average: " + str((float(sensor1_after+sensor2_after+sensor3_after+sensor4_after)/4))
api.update_status(after)
print after
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
print "====== Watering Process Complete ====="
def hourlyUpdate():
GPIO.output(pump, False)
print "----------start----------\n"
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
time.sleep(1)
sampleTime = time.ctime()
mst1 = 1024-readadc(0)
mst2 = 1024-readadc(1)
mst3 = 1024-readadc(2)
mst4 = 1024-readadc(3)
pot1 = readadc(4)
ldr1 = readadc(5)
millivolts = readadc(6)*(3300.0/1024.0)
temp_c = ((millivolts - 100.0)/10)-40.0
tmp1 = (temp_c * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32
print 'Polling Probes \n'
#prints debug info to console
print sampleTime,"|","MST1:",mst1,"MST2:",mst2,"MST3:",mst3,"MST4:",mst4,"Pot1:",pot1,"LDR1:",ldr1,"TMP1:",tmp1 #prints the debug info
global table_number
print 'Adding Data To Table: ' + str(table_number)
#adds the data to the mysql table
global table_number
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO piplanter_table_'+ table_code +'(Time,mst1_V,mst2_V,mst3_V,mst4_V,pot1_V,ldr1_V,tmp1_F) VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)',(sampleTime,mst1,mst2,mst3,mst4,pot1,ldr1,tmp1))
con.commit() #this is important for live updating
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False) #turns the probes off
print 'Data Collected, Disengaging Probes \n'
#takes a picture of the plants
print 'Taking Picture with Raspberry Pi Camera Board'
picture_dir = '/home/pi/documents/piplanter/images/'
os.system('raspistill -o ' + picture_dir + str(time.strftime('%m-%d-%y_%H-%M-%S')) + '.jpg')
print 'Capture Successfull: ' + picture_dir + str(time.strftime('%m-%d-%y_%H-%M-%S')) + '.jpg'
#finds the newest image in the directory
print '\nUploading Picture To Flickr'
picture_allfiles = sorted(os.listdir(picture_dir), key=lambda p: os.path.getctime(os.path.join(picture_dir, p)))
picture_newest = picture_dir+picture_allfiles[-1]
print 'File for upload: ' + picture_newest #prints location and file to console
#uploads the picture of the plants to flickr
picture_title = 'Picture @ ' + str(sampleTime)
picture_response = flickr.upload(filename=picture_newest, title=picture_title, format='etree') #uploads the file to flickr
picture_photoID = picture_response.find('photoid').text #gets the id of the photo for constructing a url
print 'Picture Upload Successful, Photo ID: ' + picture_photoID + '\n' #more debug info
time.sleep(10)
#renders the image of the graph
print "Graph Render Start"
global table_code
os.system('php /opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renderScript.php ' + table_code ) #renders the .png file
print "Graph Render Complete \n"
#finds the newest image in the directory
print 'Uploading Graph To Flickr'
graph_allfiles = sorted(os.listdir('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'), key=lambda p: os.path.getctime(os.path.join('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/', p)))
graph_newest = '/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'+graph_allfiles[-1]
print 'File for upload: ' + graph_newest #prints location and file to console
graph_title = 'Graph @ ' + str(sampleTime)
graph_response = flickr.upload(filename=graph_newest, title=graph_title, format='etree') #uploads the file to flickr
graph_photoID = graph_response.find('photoid').text #gets the id of the photo for constructing a url
print 'Graph Upload Successful, Photo ID: ' + graph_photoID + '\n' #more debug info
#tweets the images and data
send = 'Brghtnss: ' + str(format((((float(ldr1)/1024)*100)),'.0f')) + '% / ' + 'Tmprtr: ' + str(format(tmp1,'.0f')) + ' Dg F' + ' / Avg Plnt Moisture: '+ str(format(float((float((mst1+mst2+mst3+mst4)/4)/1024)*100),'.0f')) + '%' + ' Graph: ' + 'http://www.flickr.com/photos/97350286@N08/'+ str(graph_photoID) + ' Pic: ' + 'http://www.flickr.com/photos/97350286@N08/' + str(picture_photoID) #builds the text of the tweet
print "Tweeting:" , send #for debug purposes
api.update_status(send) #tweets the tweet
time.sleep(.1)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
print "\n-----------end-----------"
def table_update():
global table_number
table_number = table_number + 1
global table_code
table_code = str(time.strftime('%m_%d_%y_%H_%M_%S')) + '__' + str(table_number)
print 'Creating Table: ' + table_code
cursor.execute('USE piplanter')
con.commit()
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE piplanter_table_'+ table_code +'(Sample_Number INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, Time VARCHAR(100), mst1_V VARCHAR(100), mst2_V VARCHAR(100), mst3_V VARCHAR(100), mst4_V VARCHAR(100), pot1_V VARCHAR(100), ldr1_V VARCHAR(100), tmp1_F VARCHAR(100) );')
con.commit()
table_update()
hourlyUpdate()
scheduler = Scheduler(standalone=True)
scheduler.add_interval_job(hourlyUpdate, hours=1)
scheduler.add_interval_job(water, days=1)
scheduler.add_interval_job(table_update, weeks=2)
scheduler.start() #runs the program indefianately once every hour
Here’s the .php script:
<?php
/* Include all the classes */
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pData.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pDraw.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pImage.class.php");
$myData = new pData(); /* Create your dataset object */
$db = mysql_connect("localhost", "piplanter_user", "piplanter_pass"); //location of server, db username, db pass
mysql_select_db("piplanter", $db);
$Requete = "SELECT * FROM `piplanter_table_" . $argv[1] . "`"; //table name
$Result = mysql_query($Requete, $db);
/*This fetches the data from the mysql database, and adds it to pchart as points*/
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($Result))
{
$Time = $row["Time"];
$myData->addPoints($Time,"Time");
$mst1_V = $row["mst1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst1_V,"mst1_V");
$mst2_V = $row["mst2_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst2_V,"mst2_V");
$mst3_V = $row["mst3_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst3_V,"mst3_V");
$mst4_V = $row["mst4_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst4_V,"mst4_V");
$ldr1_V = $row["ldr1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($ldr1_V,"ldr1_V");
$tmp1_F = $row["tmp1_F"];
$myData->addPoints($tmp1_F,"tmp1_F");
}
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("tmp1_F", 0); //assigns the data to the frist axis
$myData-> setAxisName(0, "Degrees F"); //adds the label to the first axis
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("ldr1_V", 1);
$myData-> setAxisName(1, "LDR");
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst1_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst2_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst3_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst4_V", 2);
$myData-> setAxisName(2, "Relative Moisture");
$myData->setAbscissa("Time"); //sets the time data set as the x axis label
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",1); //draws the line tickness
$myData->setPalette("mst1_V",array("R"=>58,"G"=>95,"B"=>205,"Alpha"=>80)); //sets the line color
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst2_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst2_V",array("R"=>39,"G"=>64,"B"=>139,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst3_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst3_V",array("R"=>0,"G"=>34,"B"=>102,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst4_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst4_V",array("R"=>67,"G"=>110,"B"=>238,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("ldr1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("ldr1_V", 4);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("tmp1_F",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("tmp1_F", 4);
$myPicture = new pImage(4000,500,$myData); /* Create a pChart object and associate your dataset */
$myPicture->setFontProperties(array("FontName"=>"/srv/www/lib/pChart/fonts/pf_arma_five.ttf","FontSize"=>6)); /* Choose a nice font */
$myPicture->setGraphArea(130,40,3900,300); /* Define the boundaries of the graph area */
$myPicture->drawScale(array("LabelRotation"=>320)); /* Draw the scale, keep everything automatic */
$Settings = array("R"=>250, "G"=>250, "B"=>250, "Dash"=>1, "DashR"=>0, "DashG"=>0, "DashB"=>0);
/*The combination makes a cool looking graph*/
$myPicture->drawPlotChart(array("DisplayValues"=>TRUE));
$myPicture->drawLineChart();
$myPicture->drawLegend(30,320); //adds the legend
//$date-> date("d-M-Y:H:i:s");
//$myPicture->autoOutput(); /* Build the PNG file and send it to the web browser */
$myPicture->render("/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/".date("d-M-Y_H:i:s").".png");
?>
This post is many months in the making and I am very proud of the thing’s I’ve done here, and very thankful to all of those (specifically at www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi) who have helped me along my way to getting this project up and running.
There are 8 parts to this system and, you guessed it, I’ll be going in-depth about every single one!
Sensor Network
So at it’s core, the PiPlanter is a Sensor Network & Pump System. Here’s a video explaining the sensor array:
This project uses a TMP35-37 sensor to get a pretty precise temperature reading of the room. Later down in this post you can find out the algorithm to determine the temperature in Fahrenheit. It also uses a basic LDR to get the relative ambient light level in the room. Along with those two sensors, there are 4 relative humidity sensors of my own design, here’s a picture of them as seen in this post:
They’re hooked up to the ADC (mentioned later) in the same way that the LDR is, with a voltage dividing resistor, and then fed directly into ADC. The principal behind this sensor is that when you insert it into soil, the water in that soil connected the two probes, causing a voltage to flow across them. So if there is more water in the soil, more electrons will flow across them, and the analog value will be higher. It’s very basic, but it works. I’ve done several long term tests, and over time, as the soil becomes dryer, the value gets lower, indicating relative dryness. Here is a picture of the four probes in the soil, with the plants.
The TMP sensor’s output is plugged directly into the ADC and the LDR is very basically connected to the ADC as well, this is essentially how how the whole thing is setup on the breadboard:
Pump System
The pump system is pretty dead simple. Essentially it is a PowerSwitch Tail II switching the mains to a 9v DC power supply. The 9v power supply is connected directly to a 12v DC submersible pump. Instead of using a motor driver chip, which requires 3 pins to do, and the chip would get hot and whatnot, I’ve decided to go with this method.
The pump is not self priming. This means it cannot make the transition from pumping air to pumping water. I wrestled with this problem for a long time, and came up with what I think is an elegant solution. I submerged the pump directly into the water, which means the pump will never fill with air, and will always pump water when activated. Here’s a video explaining the pump system:
Raspberry Pi ADC
The next system is the ADC connected to the Raspberry Pi. It is an 8 bit, 8 port analog to digital converter that can easily run on 3.3v so it’s perfect for the pi. Here is the chip, and you set it up as follows (I took this from an earlier post I wrote)
Now we need to set up the specific libraries for python the first of which being spidev, the spi tool for the raspberry pi which we can grab from git using the following commands:
You also need to (copied from http://scruss.com/blog/2013/01/19/the-quite-rubbish-clock/):
As root, edit the kernel module blacklist file:
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
Comment out the spi-bcm2708 line so it looks like this:
#blacklist spi-bcm2708
Save the file so that the module will load on future reboots. To enable the module now, enter:
sudo modprobe spi-bcm2708
To read from the ADC, add the following to your python code. The full code will be listed later:
#fuction that can read the adc
def readadc(adcnum):
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
if adcnum > 7 or adcnum < 0:
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1, 8 + adcnum << 4, 0])
adcout = ((r[1] & 3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
So just use “readadc(n)” to get a value.
Python Code
I’ve made a real effort this time to comment my code well, so I’m not going to do a line by line breakdown like I often do, but I will clearly state the installs and setup things as follows. I’m assuming you have python-dev installed.
Download and install: APScheduler, this is a very straight forward install
Download and install: tweepy, you will need to go through the API setup process.
Download and install: flickrapi, you will need to go through the API setup process.
Here’s the source code for the python component of this project:
#Timing setup
from datetime import datetime
from apscheduler.scheduler import Scheduler
import time
import datetime
import sys
import os
now =datetime.datetime.now()
#import logging #if you start getting logging errors, uncomment these two lines
#logging.basicConfig()
#GPIO setup
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.cleanup()
pin = 26 #pin for the adc
GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)
NPNtrans = 3 #the pin for the npn transistor
GPIO.setup(NPNtrans, GPIO.OUT)
sampleLED = 5 #the indicator LED
GPIO.setup(sampleLED, GPIO.OUT)
pump = 7 #pin for the pump
GPIO.setup(pump, GPIO.OUT)
#the adc's SPI setup
import spidev
spi = spidev.SpiDev()
spi.open(0, 0)
#sets up the program's ability to write to a mysql database
import MySQLdb
con = MySQLdb.connect('localhost','piplanter_user','piplanter_pass','piplanter');
cursor = con.cursor()
#tweepy setup, you must use the keys given to you when you create your app
import tweepy
consumer_key=""
consumer_secret=""
access_token=""
access_token_secret=""
#"logs in" to twitter,
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
#Flickr Setup
import flickrapi
api_key = ''
api_secret = ''
flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(api_key, api_secret, format='json')
(token, frob) = flickr.get_token_part_one(perms='write')
if not token: raw_input("Press ENTER after you authorized this program")
flickr.get_token_part_two((token, frob))
#Variable Setup
ontime = 20
#fuction that can read the adc
def readadc(adcnum):
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
if adcnum > 7 or adcnum < 0:
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1, 8 + adcnum << 4, 0])
adcout = ((r[1] & 3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
def slowSample():
date0 = "21-06-2013 15"
date1 = "25-06-2013 12"
date2 = "29-06-2013 12"
date3 = "04-07-2013 12"
date4 = "06-07-2013 12"
if str(time.strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H')) == date0:
water()
if str(time.strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H')) == date1:
water()
if str(time.strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H')) == date2:
water()
if str(time.strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H')) == date3:
water()
if str(time.strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H')) == date4:
water()
print "----------start----------"
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
time.sleep(1)
sampleTime = time.ctime()
mst1 = readadc(0)
mst2 = readadc(1)
mst3 = readadc(2)
mst4 = readadc(3)
pot1 = readadc(4)
ldr1 = readadc(5)
millivolts = readadc(6)*(3300.0/1024.0)
temp_c = ((millivolts - 100.0)/10)-40.0
tmp1 = (temp_c * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32
#prints debug info to console
print sampleTime,"|","MST1:",mst1,"MST2:",mst2,"MST3:",mst3,"MST4:",mst4,"Pot1:",pot1,"LDR1:",ldr1,"TMP1:",tmp1 #prints the debug info
#adds the data to the mysql table
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO piplanter_table_17(Time,mst1_V,mst2_V,mst3_V,mst4_V,pot1_V,ldr1_V,tmp1_F) VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)",(sampleTime,mst1,mst2,mst3,mst4,pot1,ldr1,tmp1))
con.commit() #this is important for live updating
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False) #turns the probes off
#renders the image of the graph
print "render start"
os.system("php /opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renderScript.php") #renders the .png file
print "render complete"
#finds the newest image in the directory
allfiles = sorted(os.listdir('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'), key=lambda p: os.path.getctime(os.path.join('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/', p)))
newest = '/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'+allfiles[-1]
print 'File for upload: ' + newest #prints location and file to console
response = flickr.upload(filename=newest, title=sampleTime, format='etree') #uploads the file to flickr
photoID = response.find('photoid').text #gets the id of the photo for constructing a url
print 'Upload Successful, Photo ID: ' + photoID #more debug info
#tweets the image and data
send = 'Brghtnss: ' + str(format((((float(ldr1)/1024)*100)),'.0f')) + '% / ' + 'Tmprtr: ' + str(format(tmp1,'.0f')) + ' Dg F' + ' / Avg Plnt Moisture: '+ str(format(float((float((mst1+mst2+mst3+mst4)/4)/1024)*100),'.0f')) + '%' + ' Graph: ' +'http://www.flickr.com/photos/97350286@N08/'+photoID +' - www.esologic.com/?p=643' #builds the text of the tweet
print "Tweeting:" , send #for debug purposes
api.update_status(send) #tweets the tweet
time.sleep(.1)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
print "-----------end-----------"
def water():
print "===== Starting Watering Process ====="
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
time.sleep(1)
sensor1_before = readadc(0)
sensor2_before = readadc(1)
sensor3_before = readadc(2)
sensor4_before = readadc(3)
before = "WATERING START / Moisture Before - " + "Sensor 1:" + str(sensor1_before) + " Sensor 2:" + str(sensor2_before) + " Sensor 3:" + str(sensor3_before) + " Sensor 4:" + str(sensor4_before) + " - Average:" + str((float(sensor1_before+sensor2_before+sensor3_before+sensor4_before)/4))
api.update_status(before)
print before
GPIO.output(pump, True)
time.sleep(ontime)
GPIO.output(pump, False)
time.sleep(60) #gives the water time to penetrate the soil
sensor1_after = readadc(0)
sensor2_after = readadc(1)
sensor3_after = readadc(2)
sensor4_after = readadc(3)
after = "WATERING COMPLETED / Moisture After - " + "Sensor 1:" + str(sensor1_after) + " Sensor 2:" + str(sensor2_after) + " Sensor 3:" + str(sensor3_after) + " Sensor 4:" + str(sensor4_after) + " - Average: " + str((float(sensor1_after+sensor2_after+sensor3_after+sensor4_after)/4))
api.update_status(after)
print after
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
print "====== Watering Process Complete ====="
#water()
slowSample() #runs the sample once before the interval starts, mostly a debug function
scheduler = Scheduler(standalone=True)
scheduler.add_interval_job(slowSample, hours=1)
scheduler.start() #runs the program indefianately once every hour
There you go! Essentially, every hour, the raspberry pi samples data from 4 humidity probes, an LDR and a tmp sensor. Once the sampling is complete, it dumps the data into a mysql database. From there the data is rendered into a graph using pChart in the form of a .png image. From there, that .png files is uploaded to flickr using this api. Once the file is uploaded, it returns it’s photo ID to the python script. From there, a tweet is built containing the brightness at the time of the tweet, the temperature at the time of the tweet, and the average moisture of the plants. It also uses the photo ID from flickr obtained earlier to build a URL leading to that image on flickr which it tweets as well. The final part of the tweet is a url that leads to this post! (taken from)
MySQL Database
The database is extremely simple, after installing MySQL set it up and create table that follows this syntax:
CREATE TABLE piplanter_table_17(Sample_Number INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, Time VARCHAR(100), mst1_V VARCHAR(100), mst2_V VARCHAR(100), mst3_V VARCHAR(100), mst4_V VARCHAR(100), pot1_V VARCHAR(100), ldr1_V VARCHAR(100), tmp1_F VARCHAR(100) );
Pretty basic stuff, the table is just where the python script dumps the data every hour.
PChart Graph
The software driving the graphing part of the project is a bit of php graphing software called pchart. It allows me to graph mysql values from a table in a variety of ways. It is very important, and the code for the php script is as follows:
<?php
/* Include all the classes */
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pData.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pDraw.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pImage.class.php");
$myData = new pData(); /* Create your dataset object */
$db = mysql_connect("localhost", "user", "pass"); //location of server, db username, db pass
mysql_select_db("piplanter", $db);
$Requete = "SELECT * FROM `piplanter_table_17`"; //table name
$Result = mysql_query($Requete, $db);
/*This fetches the data from the mysql database, and adds it to pchart as points*/
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($Result))
{
$Time = $row["Time"];
$myData->addPoints($Time,"Time");
$mst1_V = $row["mst1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst1_V,"mst1_V");
$mst2_V = $row["mst2_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst2_V,"mst2_V");
$mst3_V = $row["mst3_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst3_V,"mst3_V");
$mst4_V = $row["mst4_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst4_V,"mst4_V");
$ldr1_V = $row["ldr1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($ldr1_V,"ldr1_V");
$tmp1_F = $row["tmp1_F"];
$myData->addPoints($tmp1_F,"tmp1_F");
}
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("tmp1_F", 0); //assigns the data to the frist axis
$myData-> setAxisName(0, "Degrees F"); //adds the label to the first axis
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("ldr1_V", 1);
$myData-> setAxisName(1, "LDR");
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst1_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst2_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst3_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst4_V", 2);
$myData-> setAxisName(2, "Relative Moisture");
$myData->setAbscissa("Time"); //sets the time data set as the x axis label
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",1); //draws the line tickness
$myData->setPalette("mst1_V",array("R"=>58,"G"=>95,"B"=>205,"Alpha"=>80)); //sets the line color
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst2_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst2_V",array("R"=>39,"G"=>64,"B"=>139,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst3_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst3_V",array("R"=>0,"G"=>34,"B"=>102,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst4_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst4_V",array("R"=>67,"G"=>110,"B"=>238,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("ldr1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("ldr1_V", 4);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("tmp1_F",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("tmp1_F", 4);
$myPicture = new pImage(2000,500,$myData); /* Create a pChart object and associate your dataset */
$myPicture->setFontProperties(array("FontName"=>"/srv/www/lib/pChart/fonts/pf_arma_five.ttf","FontSize"=>6)); /* Choose a nice font */
$myPicture->setGraphArea(130,40,1900,300); /* Define the boundaries of the graph area */
$myPicture->drawScale(array("LabelRotation"=>320)); /* Draw the scale, keep everything automatic */
$Settings = array("R"=>250, "G"=>250, "B"=>250, "Dash"=>1, "DashR"=>0, "DashG"=>0, "DashB"=>0);
/*The combination makes a cool looking graph*/
$myPicture->drawPlotChart();
$myPicture->drawLineChart();
$myPicture->drawLegend(30,320); //adds the legend
//$date-> date("d-M-Y:H:i:s");
//$myPicture->autoOutput(); /* Build the PNG file and send it to the web browser */
$myPicture->render("/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/".date("d-M-Y_H:i:s").".png");
?>
As you may be able to guess, upon the calling of this script, the program looks for a table called “piplanter_table_17” and does a bunch of stuff as commented to produce a graph. This is what a sample graph looks like:
This is data taken over 6 days, and it’s a lot to look at, but it’s good stuff.
Twitter & Flickr Integration
As you hopefully derived from the python code, this project uses Twitter to send data to me. Instead of using an email server or sending sms messages, I decided on twitter because of a few reasons. I use the service constantly, so I won’t ever miss a tweet. The API seemed really easy to use (and it was!) and allowed more than one person to acess the data at any one time. I decided to use flickr as my image hosting service for a lot of the same reasons, but the main one was their 1TB storage per person. You’ve already seen a sample flickr upload, so here’s a sample tweet:
Last night I finished the majority of the software for this project. Here’s a video of me going over what happened and what the program does in simpler terms:
Essentially, every hour, the raspberry pi samples data from 4 humidity probes, an LDR and a tmp sensor. Once the sampling is complete, it dumps the data into a mysql database. From there the data is rendered into a graph using pChart in the form of a .png image. From there, that .png files is uploaded to flickr using this api. Once the file is uploaded, it returns it’s photo ID to the python script. From there, a tweet is built containing the brightness at the time of the tweet, the temperature at the time of the tweet, and the average moisture of the plants. It also uses the photo ID from flickr obtained earlier to build a URL leading to that image on flickr which it tweets as well. The final part of the tweet is a url that leads to this post!
That was a lot of explanation, but this program does quite a bit. The source comes in two parts, here’s the python script that handles the brunt of the processing. You will need a bunch of libraries to run this, you could pick through past posts of mine to find what those are, but when I do a final post for this project I will include all of those.
#Timing setup
from datetime import datetime
from apscheduler.scheduler import Scheduler
import time
import datetime
import sys
import os
now =datetime.datetime.now()
import logging #if you start getting logging errors, uncomment these two lines
logging.basicConfig()
#GPIO setup
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.cleanup()
pin = 26 #pin for the adc
GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)
NPNtrans = 3 #the pin for the npn transistor
GPIO.setup(NPNtrans, GPIO.OUT)
sampleLED = 5 #the indicator LED
GPIO.setup(sampleLED, GPIO.OUT)
#the adc's SPI setup
import spidev
spi = spidev.SpiDev()
spi.open(0, 0)
#sets up the program's ability to write to a mysql database
import MySQLdb
con = MySQLdb.connect('localhost','piplanter_user','piplanter_pass','piplanter');
cursor = con.cursor()
#tweepy setup, you must use the keys given to you when you create your app
import tweepy
consumer_key=""
consumer_secret=""
access_token=""
access_token_secret=""
#"logs in" to twitter,
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
import flickrapi
#import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
api_key = ''
api_secret = ''
flickr = flickrapi.FlickrAPI(api_key, api_secret, format='json')
(token, frob) = flickr.get_token_part_one(perms='write')
if not token: raw_input("Press ENTER after you authorized this program")
flickr.get_token_part_two((token, frob))
#fuction that can read the adc
def readadc(adcnum):
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
if adcnum > 7 or adcnum < 0:
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1, 8 + adcnum << 4, 0])
adcout = ((r[1] & 3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
def slowSample():
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
sampleTime =time.ctime()
mst1 = readadc(0)
mst2 = readadc(1)
mst3 = readadc(2)
mst4 = readadc(3)
pot1 = readadc(4)
ldr1 = readadc(5)
millivolts = readadc(6)*(3300.0/1024.0)
temp_c = ((millivolts - 100.0)/10)-40.0
tmp1 = (temp_c * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32
#prints debug info to console
print sampleTime,"|","MST1:",mst1,"MST2:",mst2,"MST3:",mst3,"MST4:",mst4,"Pot1:",pot1,"LDR1:",ldr1,"TMP1:",tmp1 #prints the debug info
#adds the data to the mysql table
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO piplanter_table_15(Time,mst1_V,mst2_V,mst3_V,mst4_V,pot1_V,ldr1_V,tmp1_F) VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)",(sampleTime,mst1,mst2,mst3,mst4,pot1,ldr1,tmp1))
con.commit() #this is important for live updating
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False) #turns the probes off
#renders the image of the graph
print "render start"
os.system("php /opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renderScript.php") #renders the .png file
print "render complete"
#finds the newest image in the directory
allfiles = sorted(os.listdir('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'), key=lambda p: os.path.getctime(os.path.join('/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/', p)))
newest = '/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/'+allfiles[-1]
print 'File for upload: ' + newest #prints location and file to console
response = flickr.upload(filename=newest, title=sampleTime, format='etree') #uploads the file to flickr
photoID = response.find('photoid').text #gets the id of the photo for constructing a url
print 'Upload Successful, Photo ID: ' + photoID #more debug info
#tweets the image and data
send = 'Brghtnss: ' + str(format((((float(ldr1)/1024)*100)),'.0f')) + '% / ' + 'Tmprtr: ' + str(format(tmp1,'.0f')) + ' Dg F' + ' / Avg Plnt Moisture: '+ str(format(float((float((mst1+mst2+mst3+mst4)/4)/1024)*100),'.0f')) + '%' + ' Graph: ' +'http://www.flickr.com/photos/97350286@N08/'+photoID +' - www.esologic.com/?p=643' #builds the text of the tweet
print "Tweeting:" , send #for debug purposes
api.update_status(send) #tweets the tweet
time.sleep(.1)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
slowSample() #runs the sample once before the interval starts, mostly a debug function
scheduler = Scheduler(standalone=True)
scheduler.add_interval_job(slowSample, hours=1)
scheduler.start() #runs the program indefianately once every hour
Here’s the .php script that renders the graph from the mysql data. It is called by the python script.
<?php
/* Include all the classes */
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pData.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pDraw.class.php");
include("/srv/www/lib/pChart/class/pImage.class.php");
$myData = new pData(); /* Create your dataset object */
$db = mysql_connect("localhost", "piplanter_user", "piplanter_pass"); //location of server, db username, db pass
mysql_select_db("piplanter", $db);
$Requete = "SELECT * FROM `piplanter_table_15`"; //table name
$Result = mysql_query($Requete, $db);
/*This fetches the data from the mysql database, and adds it to pchart as points*/
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($Result))
{
$Time = $row["Time"];
$myData->addPoints($Time,"Time");
$mst1_V = $row["mst1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst1_V,"mst1_V");
$mst2_V = $row["mst2_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst2_V,"mst2_V");
$mst3_V = $row["mst3_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst3_V,"mst3_V");
$mst4_V = $row["mst4_V"];
$myData->addPoints($mst4_V,"mst4_V");
$ldr1_V = $row["ldr1_V"];
$myData->addPoints($ldr1_V,"ldr1_V");
$tmp1_F = $row["tmp1_F"];
$myData->addPoints($tmp1_F,"tmp1_F");
}
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("tmp1_F", 0); //assigns the data to the frist axis
$myData-> setAxisName(0, "Degrees F"); //adds the label to the first axis
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("ldr1_V", 1);
$myData-> setAxisName(1, "LDR");
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst1_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst2_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst3_V", 2);
$myData-> setSerieOnAxis("mst4_V", 2);
$myData-> setAxisName(2, "Relative Moisture");
$myData->setAbscissa("Time"); //sets the time data set as the x axis label
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst1_V",1); //draws the line tickness
$myData->setPalette("mst1_V",array("R"=>58,"G"=>95,"B"=>205,"Alpha"=>80)); //sets the line color
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst2_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst2_V",array("R"=>39,"G"=>64,"B"=>139,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst3_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst3_V",array("R"=>0,"G"=>34,"B"=>102,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("mst4_V",1);
$myData->setPalette("mst4_V",array("R"=>67,"G"=>110,"B"=>238,"Alpha"=>80));
$myData-> setSerieWeight("ldr1_V",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("ldr1_V", 4);
$myData-> setSerieWeight("tmp1_F",2);
$myData-> setSerieTicks("tmp1_F", 4);
$myPicture = new pImage(2000,500,$myData); /* Create a pChart object and associate your dataset */
$myPicture->setFontProperties(array("FontName"=>"/srv/www/lib/pChart/fonts/pf_arma_five.ttf","FontSize"=>6)); /* Choose a nice font */
$myPicture->setGraphArea(130,40,1900,300); /* Define the boundaries of the graph area */
$myPicture->drawScale(array("LabelRotation"=>320)); /* Draw the scale, keep everything automatic */
$Settings = array("R"=>250, "G"=>250, "B"=>250, "Dash"=>1, "DashR"=>0, "DashG"=>0, "DashB"=>0);
/*The combination makes a cool looking graph*/
$myPicture->drawPlotChart();
$myPicture->drawLineChart();
$myPicture->drawLegend(30,320); //adds the legend
//$date-> date("d-M-Y:H:i:s");
//$myPicture->autoOutput(); /* Build the PNG file and send it to the web browser */
$myPicture->render("/opt/bitnami/wordpress/piplanter/renders/".date("d-M-Y_H:i:s").".png");
?>
So as I said in one of my previous posts, I am going to be collecting a lot of data over the next few weeks while the tomato plants grow. I will be doing this to determine when soil is “dry” and how temperature and light effect that process. For the last week I have been collecting data in the configuration seen in my last post and here is the graph it produced you can click to see the full image:
This graph proves a few things. The first thing is that the relative moisture sensor works. As one can intuitively understand, if you don’t add more water into the system, nature will remove water via evaporation. The overall trend of the blue line (the rel mst sensor) is downward, backing up this point.
The problem with this setup was that I was spitting the voltage across the two probes constantly, which along with the water caused the nails to rapidly oxidize, which is something I would like to avoid in the long term. This also may have seriously corrupted the data so besides general trends, this whole set is unusable.
This isn’t necessarily a bad thing though, as I wanted to conduct a second trial with more probes and more dirt.
I decided to go with 4 probes, and here are a few pictures of the assembly process. Assembly process is the same, I just did it at my school:
I cut it into 3cm sections and then drilled holes on the midpoints of the 2nd and 3rd cm as seen in a photo below.
Here are the holes drilled for the nails
Here are the nails inserted into all 4
Here is the wire wrapped around the nail
Once solder is applied, the connection is very strong and conductive
Here’s the gluing process
Here are all of the sensors assembled. I attached headers to the other ends as seen in the last post.
Since i’m using 4 sensors now, and to get around the oxidation problem, I added a NPN transistor to cut the ground current when the sensor isn’t being used so it only turns on when it’s getting polled. Here is the new python code:
#Timing setup
from datetime import datetime
from apscheduler.scheduler import Scheduler
import time
import datetime
import sys
now =datetime.datetime.now()
import logging #if you start getting logging errors, uncomment these two lines
logging.basicConfig()
#GPIO setup
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.cleanup()
pin = 26 #pin for the adc
GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)
NPNtrans = 3 #the pin for the npn transistor
GPIO.setup(NPNtrans, GPIO.OUT)
sampleLED = 5 #the indicator LED
GPIO.setup(sampleLED, GPIO.OUT)
#the adc's SPI setup
import spidev
spi = spidev.SpiDev()
spi.open(0, 0)
import MySQLdb
con = MySQLdb.connect('localhost','piplanter_user','piplanter_pass','piplanter');
cursor = con.cursor()
#fuction that can read the adc
def readadc(adcnum):
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
if adcnum > 7 or adcnum < 0:
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1, 8 + adcnum << 4, 0])
adcout = ((r[1] & 3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
def slowSample():
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, True)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, True)
sampleTime =time.ctime()
mst1 = readadc(0)
mst2 = readadc(1)
mst3 = readadc(2)
mst4 = readadc(3)
pot1 = readadc(4)
ldr1 = readadc(5)
millivolts = readadc(6)*(3300.0/1024.0)
temp_c = ((millivolts - 100.0)/10)-40.0
tmp1 = (temp_c * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32
print sampleTime,"|","MST1:",mst1,"MST2:",mst2,"MST3:",mst3,"MST4:",mst4,"Pot1:",pot1,"LDR1:",ldr1,"TMP1:",tmp1 #prints the debug info
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO piplanter_table_13(Time,mst1_V,mst2_V,mst3_V,mst4_V,pot1_V,ldr1_V,tmp1_F) VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)",(sampleTime,mst1,mst2,mst3,mst4,pot1,ldr1,tmp1))
con.commit() #this is important for live updating
time.sleep(.1)
GPIO.output(sampleLED, False)
GPIO.output(NPNtrans, False)
slowSample()
if __name__ == '__main__':
#the following 3 lines start up the interval job and keep it going
scheduler = Scheduler(standalone=True)
scheduler.add_interval_job(slowSample, hours=1)
scheduler.start()
It’s pretty much the same thing.
The graph is also very similar, but I won’t post that code as it’s not different enough.
Here are pictures of setting up the whole system:
I used the same soil as seen in the previous post, and added 125mL of water to each sample.
Here’s a video of me explaining the whole process:
Once enough data is collected I’ll post a graph of it here.
This is a short post illustrating the process of planting the seeds.
Here is the “grid” of dirt I am using. I got it from walmart or something like that and essentially it is a grid of dehydrated dirt pucks that are good for planting seeds.
I am using Rio Grand and Homestead seeds. I am going with a shotgun approach and planting a lot of the seeds.
Here are some rio grande seeds
Here are homestead seeds.
Here is the grid with around a gallon of water added.
Here are some seeds being planted
A close up of some of the seeds
Another close up.
Here are all 72 pucks water and populated. With well over 100 seeds planted.
Long time viewers will remember when this idea was conceived two Novembers ago, but essentially it’s a way to detect the relative moisture of a substance.
The principal is the same as in the above post, but this time, I made it bigger and attached it to a Raspberry Pi. The reason this is essential, is because I recently purchased a 12v DC pump capable of moving water. I will be able to sense the relative moisture in the plant, and then the plant will be able to water “itself”.
That will be done in python with the same basic technique I’ve been using all along, but in addition to gathering data about the plant every hour or so, it will be able to see if the plant needs water (by checking hopefully an array of moisture sensors) and then turning on the pump and watering it. I will also eventually integrate twitter and a webcam, but those cosmetic editions come once I know the system works.
To test it, I’ve added another set of data to the graph as seen in the last post and created a testing environment in my windowsill.
Basically I’ve put some dirt and 100mL of water into a container and inserted the sensor and am monitoring the moisture level over the next n hours, here are some pictures:
Assembly of sensor
Another picture of the sensor
More assembly of sensor
Just to get an idea of the data, here is the sensor inserted into the wet dirt
The cap of the sensor
Just to get an idea of the data, here is the sensor inserted into the dry dirt
The view of the dirt from the side
View from dirt on the top
The dirt being used
This is how the sensor sits in the container
The empty container
The Windowsill with the probe inserted
Around 50mL of water
And here is a graph of some of the data:
I will make another post later today illustrating the process of plating the seeds.
